Third to thomas strover turnbull



(No ModeI) y I'. WILKINSON. MANUFAGTURE 0I' WIRI] GARD CLOTHING.

Patented Mar. .30, 1897.

UNITE FREDERICK WILKINSON, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO THOMAS STROVER TURNBULL, OF SAME PLACE.

MANUFACTURE OF WlRE CARD-CLOTHING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 579,624, dated March30, 1897.

Application filed August 21,1896. Serial No. 603,530. (No model.)Patented in England February Z3, 1894, No. 3,879; in Belgium December15, 1894, No. 113,210; in France December l5, 1894, No. 243,666, and inGermany December 15,1894,

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WILKINSON, a subject of the Queen of`Great Britain, residing at India Buildings, Cross Street, Manchester,in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Wire Card-Clothing,(for which I have obtained Letters Patent in the following counxo tries:Great Britain, No. 3,879, dated February 23, 1894; Belgium, No. 113,210,datedDecember 15, 1894; France, No. 243,666, dated December l5, 1894,and Germany, No. 84,411, dated December 15, 1894,) lof which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention 'relates to improvements in Wire card-clothing; anditconsists, chiefly, in chilling or hardening and tempering the pointsofthe Wire teeth after they'have been zo set in the foundation, so as toproduce cardclothin'g with wire teeth having cardingpoints of hightemper and shanks and bases of comparatively soft or low temper.

In carrying my invention into effect I first lill up the intersticesbetween the wire teeth on the card-'clothing to the required height witha suitable substance or material which will readily absorb heat. `I thensubject the uncovered tips or points of the Wire teeth to 3o the actionof heat, after Which points are chilled.

In the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation,partly in section. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section; and Fig. 3 is a 3 5plan, with some of the parts omitted, of a convenient construction ofmachine for hardening the tips or points of wire card-teeth.

In the views, a designates the strip or fillet of wire card clothing,which is conducted 4o through a tank b, over a roller c, under acardclothed or other suitable roller d, up over a small roller e, downunder a second cardclothed or other suitable roller f, and-out of thetank b over a roller g. The fillet a is drawn through the machine in anyconvenient way, as, for example, by driving the second card-clothedroller f, which is effected, as shown, by the gears f f2f3, the lastbeing mounted on a shaft h, on which is fixed a the tips or for example,

worm-Wheel h', driven by a worm i on a shaft 5o e', which is driven4 bymeans of the groot/ed pulley i2 or in any other suitable Way. The tank bis nearly filled with mercury, which in practice I find to be the mostsuitable sub.- stance to employ, as it is a good conductor of heat, itdoes not adhere to the Wire teeth or to the foundation, and it is cleanand easy to handle. The fillet af, as it travels through the tank b, ispreferably whollyimmersed in the mercury except at .the point where it6o passes overthe roller e, where the tips or points only of the Wireteeth are allowed to appear above the level of the mercury, as clearlyshown in Fig. 2.

To regulate the depth of immersion at this point, the roller e ismounted in bearings in an adjustable bracket e', which can be raised.and lowered by two wedges j, connected together and moved to and fro onthe edges of the tank b by a thumb-screw k. The roller 7o e is of smalldiameter, so as to open out and expose the tips or points of the wireteeth to the action of a flame of high temperature directed upon them atthis point. This flame is obtained from a series of atmosphericgasburners Z, which are pivoted on a stud m and are supplied with gasand air through the pipes Z. The burners Z can be adjusted by means of ascrewed rod n and nutn to regulate thedirection of the iiame and itsaction So on the exposed tips'of the card-teeth. The card-clothing beingin motion 'and the mercury being a rapid absorber of heat, the hightemperature imparted to the tips or points is not communicated to theShanks and bases of the teeth, which therefore remain practically at thesame temper, whereas the tips or points after exposure to the flamebeing immediately submerged in the mercury are rapidly chilled andhardened. 9o To maintain the mercury as far as practicable at oneuniform temperature, it is necessary to keep it constantly circulating,and this may be effected in a variety of ways, as,

by means of an Archimedeau screw o, which is driven by a Worm andwormwheel from a band-pulley p. The lower end of the screw o lies in awell b', and the screw 0 raises the mercury from this Well b anddischarges it again through an openin g in the side near the top of thetank b and preferably close to where the teeth are chilled. The mercuryin the tank l) overiiows through an opening b2 in the end of the tankand falls into a tray b in communication with the Well.

To free the card-clothin g from any mercury that might possibly remainupon it, a revolving or oscillating Wiper shaft or j igger q may befitted outside the tank b, so as to agitate the fillet a and cause anymercury still present to run back into the tank.

I have shown and described what I believe to be a convenient arrangementof parts and the most suitable method of and means for carrying intoeffect my invention, the essential feature of which consists, as alreadystated, in chilling or hardening and tempering the tips or points onlyof wire cardteeth after the teeth have been set in the foundation of thecard clothing or lleting and preferably after they have been ground,whereby I obtain card-clothin g, the wire teeth of which havecarding-points of high temper, While the shanks and bases remain ofcomparatively soft or low temper.

I Wish it to be clearly understood, however, that I do not intend orwish to limit myself to such arrangement or to the particular method ofand means herein speciiied, as va rions modiiieations and alternativesmight be employed without departing from the essential feature of myinventions as above deiined.

Having new particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, 1s-

1. The herein-described process of making Wire card-clothing, consistingin iirst embedding the teeth in the base or strip, then immersing theteeth and strip in a mercurybath, leaving the points of the teethexposed, and then heating and chilling the said exposed points, Withouttreating the Shanks, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described process of making card-clothing consisting inembedding the earding-teeth in the strip or base, then immersing theteeth and strip in a mercurybath leaving the points of the teethexposed, heating said points and then passing the strip into the bath tocause the heated points to be chilled thereby, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination in an apparatus for hardening wire card-clothing, ofa bath for chilling the carding-teet-h, heating means adapted to heatthe exposed points of the teeth, and means for guiding the cardclothingpast the heating means and through the bath, substantially as described.

et. In combination, the mercury-bath and guidc-roller over which thecard-clothing is passed, said roller bein g arranged to hold the pointsof the teeth slightly above the surface of the bath, and a burner orheating device arranged to heat the exposed points of the teeth Withouttreating the sh'anks, substantially as described.

5. In combination, the bath, the overiiowtray about the bath, theguiding means for the iiexible card-clothing, heating means for heatingthe exposed points of the teeth, and means for returning the material ofthe bath from the overiioW-tray back into the bath, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twoWitnesses.

FREDERICK WILKINSON.

Vitnesses:

S. W. GILLETT, HERBERT R. ABBEY.

